HISTORICAL TRAJECTORY OF BIBLE TRANSLATION: FROM SEPTUAGINT TO MODERN INDIAN TRANSLATIONS

Abstract

This article explores the historical trajectory of Bible translation, showing how it has continually crossed boundaries of language and culture to become a force of empowerment and identity. From the Septuagint and Vulgate to the Reformation and the rise of Bible Societies, translation has never been merely about literacy or linguistic transfer; it has been a cultural act, a theological witness, and a missional strategy that affirms dignity, sustains worship, and reshapes communities. India's contribution is situated within this global story, beginning with Catholic and Protestant initiatives and culminating in tribal translations such as Khasi, Garo, Mizo, and Santali, which became catalysts for literacy, cultural preservation, and a sense of belonging among marginalized groups. By weaving together global milestones and Indian distinctives, the study argues that vernacular Scripture is central to Christian mission, reminding us that the vitality of Christianity lies in its translatability—the capacity of faith to take root afresh in every culture and language, past and future.